linux下如何查看硬盘

Linux 下，可使用“df -h”查看硬盘使用情况，“lsblk

Linux系统中,查看硬盘信息是一项常见的操作，无论是了解硬盘的容量、使用情况，还是诊断硬件问题，都可能需要查看硬盘的相关信息，以下是几种在Linux下查看硬盘信息的常用方法：

使用lsblk命令

lsblk（list block devices）命令用于列出所有块设备的信息，包括硬盘、分区等，它以树状结构显示设备之间的关系，非常直观。

示例输出：

$ lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0 232.9G  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    0 232.9G  0 part /home
└─sda2        8:2    0     1K  0 part 
sdb           8:16   0 149.1G  0 disk 
└─sdb1        8:17   0 149.1G  0 part /mnt/data

解释：

• NAME：设备名称。
• MAJ:MIN：主设备号和次设备号。
• RM：是否可移除（1表示可移除，0表示不可移除）。
• SIZE：设备大小。
• RO：是否只读（1表示只读，0表示可读写）。
• TYPE：设备类型（disk表示硬盘，part表示分区）。
• MOUNTPOINT：挂载点。

使用fdisk命令

fdisk命令主要用于磁盘分区，但也可以用来查看硬盘的分区表信息。

示例输出：

$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 232.9 GiB, 250000000000 bytes, 488397168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x12345678
Device     Boot    Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *        2048 488397167 488395120 232.9G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       488397168 488397311      144   72K 82 Linux swap / Solaris

解释：

• Disk /dev/sda：设备名称。
• 9 GiB：硬盘大小。
• Sector size：扇区大小。
• Disklabel type：磁盘标签类型。
• Device：分区设备名称。
• Boot：是否为启动分区。
• Start和End：分区的起始和结束扇区。
• Sectors：分区大小（以扇区为单位）。
• Size：分区大小。
• Id：分区类型ID。
• Type：分区类型。

使用df命令

df（disk free）命令用于查看文件系统的磁盘空间使用情况，包括已用空间、可用空间等。

示例输出：

$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1       232G   50G  177G  23% /home
/dev/sda2         72K     0   72K   0% [SWAP]
/dev/sdb1       149G   30G  109G  22% /mnt/data

解释：

• Filesystem：文件系统所在的设备。
• Size：文件系统的大小。
• Used：已用空间。
• Avail：可用空间。
• Use%：已用空间百分比。
• Mounted on：挂载点。

使用du命令

du（disk usage）命令用于查看目录或文件的磁盘使用情况，通常与-sh选项一起使用，以人类可读的格式显示总大小。

示例输出：

$ du -sh /home
23G    /home

解释：

• du -sh /home：显示/home目录的总大小。

使用blkid命令

blkid命令用于查看块设备的属性，如UUID、文件系统类型等。

示例输出：

$ sudo blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="1234-5678" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="9abc-def0" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="5678-1234" TYPE="ext4"

解释：

• UUID：通用唯一标识符，用于标识文件系统。
• TYPE：文件系统类型。

使用lsblk和df结合查看

有时,结合使用lsblk和df命令可以更全面地了解硬盘的使用情况。

示例输出：

$ lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                
├─sda1 ext4          1234-5678                           /home
└─sda2 swap          9abc-def0                            [SWAP]
sdb                                                                
└─sdb1 ext4          5678-1234                           /mnt/data

解释：

• FSTYPE：文件系统类型。
• LABEL：文件系统标签。
• UUID：文件系统UUID。
• MOUNTPOINT：挂载点。

使用hdparm命令查看硬盘健康状态

hdparm命令用于查看和设置硬盘的参数，包括硬盘的健康状态、缓存大小、传输速率等。

示例输出：

$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
ATA device, with non-removable media
Standards:
    Uses: ATA8-ACS revision 4
    Supports ATA feature set ACS-2
    Supports ATA commands
    Supports IDLEWIRE command
    Supports power management
...

解释：

• hdparm -I /dev/sda：显示/dev/sda硬盘的详细信息，包括型号、容量、缓存大小、传输模式等。

使用smartctl命令查看硬盘健康状态

smartctl命令用于监控硬盘的健康状态，支持SMART（Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology）技术的硬盘。

示例输出：

$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 7.1 2023-01-01 r5157 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-123-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-2023 Smartmontools team
Starting self-test on /dev/sda: done
Reading SMART data from /dev/sda: done
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: (   0) The previous self-test routine completed without error or no self-test has ever been started.
Total time to complete Offline data collection: (14400) seconds.
Offline data collection capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported. No Automatic Offline data collection on/off support. Abort offline collection upon new command. No Offline surface scan supported. No Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. No Selective Self-test supported.

以上内容就是解答有关linux下如何查看硬盘的详细内容了，我相信这篇文章可以为您解决一些疑惑，有任何问题欢迎留言反馈，谢谢阅读。